Yang W, Wang W, Ji Y, Pan H. J Asthma. 2024 Aug 28:1-10. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2391441.
Abstract
Objective
Asthma is a common chronic condition in children globally. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, such as subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) therapies, are promising by increasing allergen tolerance. This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of SLIT and SCIT in pediatric asthma.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for randomized controlled trials and case–control studies comparing SLIT and SCIT in asthmatic children. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models with calculations via R software version 4.3.2 and RevMan version 5.4. Study quality and bias risk were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.
Results
The literature search yielded a total of 1787 records, with 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after screening and assessments. There was no significant difference in the Total Asthma Symptoms Score between SLIT and SCIT (mean difference −0.05 [95% CI: −0.21; 0.10]). However, asthma improvement rates were higher in the SLIT group (risk ratio 0.77 [95% CI: 0.64; 0.93]). FEV1 improvement showed no significant difference (mean difference −1.60 [95% CI: −6.27; 3.08]). Adverse events were similar between the treatments (risk ratio 0.56 [95% CI: 0.11; 2.82]).
Conclusions
SLIT and SCIT were generally similarly effective and safe for treating pediatric asthma. SLIT may be preferred due to its noninvasive administration. More research is needed on long-term effects and tailored treatment approaches.